Atom Structure, Atomic number, and mass number of elements

Atom Structure: An atom is the smallest particle that preserves all of an element’s chemical characteristics. Atoms join together to form molecules, which make it possible to create solids, gases, and liquids.

For example, water consists of hydrogen and oxygen atoms that bond together to form water molecules. Many biological processes focus on dismantling molecules into their atoms and reassembling them into more functional molecules.

Particles in atom Structure

An atom structure has three particles, protons, electrons, and neutrons, and two parts, the nucleus, and shells. The nucleus is the center part of the atom and the shells are the outer part of the atom.

The center part of the atom (nucleus) has protons and neutrons. The protons of an atom have a positive charge and neutrons have no charge in the atoms.

The outer part of the atom (shells) has electrons with a negative charge.

The hydrogen atom (H) consists of one proton, one electron, and no neutrons. The numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons calculate the atomic number and mass number of the element.

Atomic Mass in an atom structure

Protons and neutrons of an atom have the same mass number. Scientists mention the amount of atomic mass in amu unit or Dalton. Protons have a positive charge, but neutrons have no charge, although they have equal nuclear mass. As a result, the number of neutrons in an atom has a significant impact on its nuclear mass.

Electrons have impacted greatly on the charge of an atom, as each electron has a negative charge which is equal to the positive charge of a proton in an atom. Scientists mention positive charges as “+1” and negative charges as “-1.”

In an atom that has no charge, a neutral atom, the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus (center part) of an atom. In neutrally charged atoms, the positive and negative charges cancel each other in an atom which results leading in an atom with no net charge.

The volume of Atoms in an atom structure

After accounting for the numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons, the majority of the volume of atoms—more than 99% is space. Solid objects do not just flow through each other despite all of this space.

Negatively charged electrons in atoms, repeal each other and prohibit them from sharing the same location.

Atomic Number of an atom

The no charged atoms of an element have the same number of protons and electrons. The amount of protons in an element defines its atomic number (Z) and identifies it from other elements. The carbon atom has 6 protons, so its atomic number (Z) is 6.

Isotopes define by the different numbers of neutrons. In atoms of the same element, the number of electrons can vary, resulting in ions (charged atoms). Iron, for example, can exist in its neutral form as well as the +2 and +3 ionic states.

Atomic Number of elements

Element:	Symbol:	Atomic Number (Z):
Hydrogen	H	1
Helium	He	2
Carbon	C	6
Nitrogen	N	7
Oxygen	O	8
Fluorine	F	9
Sodium	Na	11
Magnesium	Mg	12
Aluminum	Al	13
Silicon	Si	14
Phosphorus	P	15
Sulfur	S	16
Chlorine	Cl	17
Potassium	K	19
Calcium	Ca	20
Scandium	Sc	21
Manganese	Mn	25
Nickel	Ni	28
Copper	Cu	29
Zinc	Zn	30
Bromine	Br	35
Iodine	I	53
Barium	Ba	56
Tungsten	W	74
Platinum	Pt	78
Gold	Au	79
Mercury	Hg	80
Lead	Pb	82
Bismuth	Bi	83
Radium	Ra	88
Thorium	Th	90
Uranium	U	92
Iron	Fe	26
Cobalt	Co	27

Mass Number of an atom

An element’s mass number (A) is the same as the number of protons and neutrons in an atom. When determining the mass number, the little component of mass from electrons is ignored. By subtracting the number of protons from the mass number, this approximation of mass can be used to readily calculate how many neutrons an element has.

Protons and neutrons have the same atomic mass unit (amu) weight. The atomic number of isotopes of the same element will be the same, but their mass numbers will be different.

Mass Number of Elements

Element:	Symbol:	Atomic Mass Number (A):
Hydrogen	H	1.00784
Helium	He	4.002602
Carbon	C	12.011
Nitrogen	N	14.0067
Oxygen	O	15.999
Fluorine	F	18.998403
Sodium	Na	22.989769
Magnesium	Mg	24.305
Aluminum	Al	26.981539
Silicon	Si	28.0855
Phosphorus	P	30.973762
Sulfur	S	32.065
Chlorine	Cl	35.453
Potassium	K	39.0983
Calcium	Ca	40.078
Scandium	Sc	44.955912
Manganese	Mn	54.938044
Nickel	Ni	58.6934
Copper	Cu	63.546
Zinc	Zn	65.38
Bromine	Br	79.904
Iodine	I	126.90447
Barium	Ba	137.327
Tungsten	W	183.84
Platinum	Pt	195.084
Gold	Au	196.96657
Mercury	Hg	200.59
Lead	Pb	207.2
Bismuth	Bi	208.9804
Radium	Ra	226
Thorium	Th	232.03806
Uranium	U	238.02891
Iron	Fe	55.845
Cobalt	Co	58.933195